Wave Erosion of a Frozen Berm

The objective was to examine the process of wave erosion of frozen or partially frozen slopes. A specific application is the erosion of proposed unprotected causeway berms and gravel islands to be constructed in the Arctic. The rate of erosion and the type of scope protection required were identified. Tests were conducted at prototype scale to correctly model the thermal erosion into the frozen slope. The resiliency of the frozen gravel core to limited wave attack were also established.